docker compose 使用教程

新的 Compose V2 支持将 compose 命令作为 Docker CLI 的一部分，现已推出。

Compose V2 将 compose 功能集成到 Docker 平台中，继续支持之前的大部分 docker-compose 功能和标志。您可以通过使用 docker compose 而不是 docker-compose 将连字符 (-) 替换为空格来运行 Compose V2。

Compose是Docker官方提供一个负责实现Docker 容器集群的快速编排，实现定义和运行多个Docker容器的应用。通过编写docker-compose文件可对多个服务同时进行启动/停止/更新(可定义依赖,按顺序启动服务)。

相关概念

• 项目（project）：一个docker-compose.yml 组成一个project
• 服务（service）：定义容器，配置需要运行的容器实例。一个project中由多个service组成，每个service定义了容器运行的镜像

命令

我们可以通过docker compose来查看帮助命令。

[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# docker compose --help

Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  engine      Manage the docker engine
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

常用命令

$docker-compose up #启动docker-compose.yml中的所有容器，命令退出时，所有容器都将停止
$docker-compose up -d   #启动docker-compose.yml中的所有容器，在后台启动容器并使它们保持运行
$docker-compose logs -f #查看该容器的日志打印
$docker logs -f contianer_id #查看某一个容器的启动日志打印
$docker-compose stop #停止compose服务
$docker-compose restart #重启compose服务
$docker-compose rm  #删除compose服务
$docker-compose ps #查看compose 服务
$docker-compose kill #杀死compose服务