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创建一个简单的多工程Gradle项目

本例子是演示如何通过gradle构建一个多工程管理的Gradle工程.案例采用两个简单的java工程的构建作为展示.

需要用到的知识

  • groovy基本语法
  • java语言
  • gradle基本属性配置

配置流程

1、创建settings.gradle文件

settings.gradle是配置多工程的必须文件,其中需要配置需要使用构建的非当前工程,设置为当前工程的子工程.代码如下:

 gradle include ':simpleJava1',':simpleJava2'

这是settings.gradle基本写法,用于导入子工程,include导入的是工程的工程名,并不一定是gradle工程的路径.具体介绍可以查看Groovy对应的API:

{[org.gradle.api.initialization.Settings]{https://docs.gradle.org/3.5/dsl/org.gradle.api.initialization.Settings.html}}.

2、创建当前项目的构建脚本build.gradle

build.gradle脚本是构建工程的基础,每一个Gradle工程有且仅有一个构建脚本build.gradle(子工程中的build.gradle)并不包含在内。build.gradle中我们可以配置一些所有工程共同需要使用的功能,如依赖库路径等,代码如下:

subprojects{ sub -> apply plugin: ‘java’ //配置共有仓库
    repositories{
         mavenCentral()
    } //配置共有依赖
    dependencies {
        testCompile ‘junit:junit:4.11’
    } 
    sub.afterEvaluate{
        task B << {
            println “this is the shared task of sub project.”
        }
    }
} 
task A << {
    println “this is the unique task of main project.”
} 

如上,task A为主工程自己创建的一个任务,为其的单独拥有的,而subprojects中的配置则为所有子工程所共有,上面有一点需要 注意的是task B的创建方式,之所以是使用这种方式是为了能让我在子工程中也能找到task B.其实,我们也可以通过如下这种方式 创建:

gradle subprojects{ 
   //... task B << { 
             println "this is the shared task of sub project."
          }
  } //...

这种方式其实也可以,并不影响gradle的运行,可以通过gradle tasks –all查看我们所创建的task是否符合依赖关系,结果显 示如下:

   caihaifei@hfcai:~# gradle tasks --all
    :tasks

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    All tasks runnable from root project
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    Build tasks
    -----------
    simpleJava1:assemble - Assembles the outputs of this project. [simpleJava1:jar]
    simpleJava2:assemble - Assembles the outputs of this project. [simpleJava2:jar]
    simpleJava1:build - Assembles and tests this project. [simpleJava1:assemble, simpleJava1:check]
    simpleJava2:build - Assembles and tests this project. [simpleJava2:assemble, simpleJava2:check]
    simpleJava1:buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it. [simpleJava1:build]
    simpleJava2:buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it. [simpleJava2:build]
    simpleJava1:buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on. [simpleJava1:build]
    simpleJava2:buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on. [simpleJava2:build]
    simpleJava1:classes - Assembles main classes.
        simpleJava1:compileJava - Compiles main Java source.
        simpleJava1:processResources - Processes main resources.
    simpleJava2:classes - Assembles main classes.
        simpleJava2:compileJava - Compiles main Java source.
        simpleJava2:processResources - Processes main resources.
    simpleJava1:clean - Deletes the build directory.
    simpleJava2:clean - Deletes the build directory.
    simpleJava1:jar - Assembles a jar archive containing the main classes. [simpleJava1:classes]
    simpleJava2:jar - Assembles a jar archive containing the main classes. [simpleJava2:classes]
    simpleJava1:testClasses - Assembles test classes. [simpleJava1:classes]
        simpleJava1:compileTestJava - Compiles test Java source.
        simpleJava1:processTestResources - Processes test resources.
    simpleJava2:testClasses - Assembles test classes. [simpleJava2:classes]
        simpleJava2:compileTestJava - Compiles test Java source.
        simpleJava2:processTestResources - Processes test resources.

    Build Setup tasks
    -----------------
    init - Initializes a new Gradle build. [incubating]
    wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files. [incubating]

    Documentation tasks
    -------------------
    simpleJava1:javadoc - Generates Javadoc API documentation for the main source code. [simpleJava1:classes]
    simpleJava2:javadoc - Generates Javadoc API documentation for the main source code. [simpleJava2:classes]

    Help tasks
    ----------
    buildEnvironment - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in root project 'SimpleMultiProject'.
    simpleJava1:buildEnvironment - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in project ':simpleJava1'.
    simpleJava2:buildEnvironment - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in project ':simpleJava2'.
    components - Displays the components produced by root project 'SimpleMultiProject'. [incubating]
    simpleJava1:components - Displays the components produced by project ':simpleJava1'. [incubating]
    simpleJava2:components - Displays the components produced by project ':simpleJava2'. [incubating]
    dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'SimpleMultiProject'.
    simpleJava1:dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in project ':simpleJava1'.
    simpleJava2:dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in project ':simpleJava2'.
    dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'SimpleMultiProject'.
    simpleJava1:dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in project ':simpleJava1'.
    simpleJava2:dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in project ':simpleJava2'.
    help - Displays a help message.
    simpleJava1:help - Displays a help message.
    simpleJava2:help - Displays a help message.
    model - Displays the configuration model of root project 'SimpleMultiProject'. [incubating]
    simpleJava1:model - Displays the configuration model of project ':simpleJava1'. [incubating]
    simpleJava2:model - Displays the configuration model of project ':simpleJava2'. [incubating]
    projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'SimpleMultiProject'.
    simpleJava1:projects - Displays the sub-projects of project ':simpleJava1'.
    simpleJava2:projects - Displays the sub-projects of project ':simpleJava2'.
    properties - Displays the properties of root project 'SimpleMultiProject'.
    simpleJava1:properties - Displays the properties of project ':simpleJava1'.
    simpleJava2:properties - Displays the properties of project ':simpleJava2'.
    tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'SimpleMultiProject' (some of the displayed tasks may belong to subprojects).
    simpleJava1:tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from project ':simpleJava1'.
    simpleJava2:tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from project ':simpleJava2'.

    Verification tasks
    ------------------
    simpleJava1:check - Runs all checks. [simpleJava1:test]
    simpleJava2:check - Runs all checks. [simpleJava2:test]
    simpleJava1:test - Runs the unit tests. [simpleJava1:classes, simpleJava1:testClasses]
    simpleJava2:test - Runs the unit tests. [simpleJava2:classes, simpleJava2:testClasses]

    Other tasks
    -----------
    A
    simpleJava1:B
    simpleJava2:B

    BUILD SUCCESSFUL

    Total time: 0.586 secs
 

内容较多,具体查看Other tasks即可.

3、分别创建simpleJava1simpleJava2工程
java代码如何写就不一一叙述了,主要是在两个工程根目录下均需要创建一个构建build.gradle,可以在里面做一些简单的
配置,如此就完成了一个简单的gradle多工程配置了,子工程配置如下:

     version '1.0.2'         //编译生成的jar的版本号
      jar{
        manifest{
          attributes 'Main-Class':'cn.enjoytoday.BeginGradle'   //设置jar主程序入口
        }
      }
 

4、工程运行 分别在需要运行的工程根目录下运行: #gradle build #java -jar /build/libs/*.jar

如此,就可完成一个简单的java程序运行调式.当然,这种方式略显简单,我们可以通过添加脚本的方式通过脚本对其进行继承运行 配置,此是后话.

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